How does distributive justice affect work attitudes? The moderating effects of autonomy

Organizational justice has been a frequently used lens for understanding employee attitudes, particularly towards the fair distribution of rewards. This study of 184 New Zealand employees found distributive justice relating to pay, benefits, and rewards to be significantly linked to job satisfaction and turnover intentions. Further, job autonomy was found to significantly interact with these relationships. While employees with high job autonomy reported higher job satisfaction and lower turnover intentions when distributive justice was high, employees with little job autonomy registered significantly larger changes in work attitudes. The findings highlight the importance of felt independence and autonomy over work in the role that justice perceptions play in organizations.     

贯彻落实党的民族政策加快民族地区发展

党的十八大报告关于：＂全面正确贯彻落实党的民族政策,坚持和完善民族区域自治制度。＂的论述,指明了在新的形势下继续坚持和完善民族区域自治这一基本政治制度是不变的原则,这对于当前乃至未来解决和处理中国民族问题具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。初级阶段的理论是坚持发展和完善党的民族政策的基本依据,现阶段,社会主义初级阶段的基本国情没有变,少数民族和民族地区欠发达的现实也没有变,民族区域自治政策只能坚持不能动摇。     

浅谈TBT国民待遇原则——美国丁香烟案解析

印度尼西亚与美国有关丁香烟案的争端中针对《技术性贸易壁垒协定》中的国民待遇原则进行了较为详细的阐述。专家组报告在认定同类产品时似乎表明了"目标—效果"分析方法的回归,但是上诉机构对此进行了否定,并将认定依据定格在产品竞争关系这一因素上。在判断进口产品受到的待遇是否低于国内同类产品时,上诉机构进行了创造性的解释,一定程度上弥补了TBT中没有类似于GATT第XX条规定的局面。该案在发展TBT国民待遇法律原则的同时,也引发了对贸易与成员方监管自由和公共健康之间可能加剧的矛盾的担忧。     

Moral Dilemmas of Participation in Dangerous Leisure Activities

Abstract

Participation in risky leisure activities (including so‐called ‘extreme’ sports) has increased in recent years, along with a concomitant growth in the related supporting industries, and in media coverage of events and associated lifestyles. The rise in popularity of dangerous leisure pursuits has led to questions about whether these activities should be regulated, or whether legislation should be enacted to prohibit particular activities. Arguments have centred on harm to individuals, and on the potential costs to others, such as families, rescue workers, and society at large. Very little work has been done on the moral legitimacy of dangerous leisure pursuits, and this paper attempts to address this, using a multidisciplinary approach. The paper evaluates both paternalistic and libertarian approaches, and pursues solutions to the moral problem from both utilitarian (consequence‐based) and deontological (duty‐based) perspectives. It is concluded that mature, rational individuals ought to retain the right to pursue activities that have potential deleterious consequences for themselves. While recognising that individuals ought to concern themselves with the effects of their actions on others, the paper accepts arguments based on autonomy, and defends the right to engage in dangerous leisure activities.     

Internationalization of Italian Firms in Central and Eastern European Countries: Headquarters–Subsidiary Relationship

This article aims at providing further empirical evidence about the international activity of Italian small and medium enterprises (SMEs). In particular, the present contribution can be ascribable to the stream of research regarding the headquarters–subsidiary relationship. Focusing our attention on the subsidiary of Italian SMEs internationalized in Central and Eastern European countries (CEECs), we provide evidences about the main variables affecting their autonomy. Literature review provides us evidences of the fact that subsidiary autonomy is an extremely heterogeneous topic to investigate. Consequently, we decided to add to the quantitative analysis also a qualitative one. Through personal interviews with the Italian entrepreneurs and the managers of the local subsidiaries, we got a better and deeper insight into the evidences coming from the quantitative data.     

动机因素对大学生英语自主学习的影响

自主学习,作为现代外语教育的一个重要目标,在英语教学中受到越来越多的关注。从英语学习的情感因素角度出发,阐述了英语学习动机与自主学习之间的相关性,探讨了在大学阶段如何通过对学生学习动机的激发与维持,促进英语自主学习。     

Predicting IJVs＇ effectiveness based on their autonomy levels and the characteristics of their parent companies

Separate research streams have identified relationships between IJV autonomy and IJV effectiveness, and between functional/dysfunctional parent-company differentiation and IJV effectiveness. This study attempts to integrate these two literature streams by examining how these two sets of independent variables interact in terms of predicting IJV effectiveness. Results partially support our hypotheses that the autonomy-effectiveness relationship is less positive with greater functional differentiation and more positive with greater dysfunctional differentiation. The results provide strong support for our hypotheses that activities closer to the local operating environment will influence these relationships such that autonomy becomes more important to effectiveness when an activity has strong local ties.     

On the distribution of education and democracy

This paper examines the determinants of female autonomy within households in a developing country. In particular, we investigate the relative contributions of earned versus unearned income in enhancing women's autonomy and the role of employment outside of their husband's farm. In a simple theoretical model, it is demonstrated that earned income could be more important than unearned income in empowering women. Using data from rural Bangladesh, empirical estimations confirm this prediction and also reveal the surprising fact that it is not employment per se but employment outside their husbands' farms that contributes to women's autonomy. The data also point to the importance of choosing the correct threat point in theoretical analyses of female autonomy.     

论村民资格纠纷——兼评《农村土地承包经营纠纷调解仲裁法》第二条第二款第四项

我国现行立法与实务将村民资格纠纷视为附随于土地承包经营权等纠纷的从诉进行处理,这不利于纠纷的及时解决。《农村土地承包经营纠纷调解仲裁法》将＂因确认农村土地承包经营权发生的纠纷＂纳入仲裁与诉讼管辖范围,由此可理解为村民资格的确认纠纷也被纳入了仲裁与诉讼管辖范围。确认村民资格应就村民基本生活保障的目的、户籍、住所地、村民权利义务等标准并结合特殊情形综合进行认定,认定机构以村民会议自治为基础,以农业主管部门或基层乡镇人民政府、农村土地承包仲裁委员会或人民法院三种方式作为并列的救济途径。     

2009印尼矿业法的简析与启示

印尼是世界上矿产资源非常丰富的国家.自印尼2001年实行地方自治以来,外国对印尼矿业投资处于下滑状态.矿业法律出现的诸多问题与印尼政府发展本国矿业的宏观定位发生了剧烈冲突.各方博弈之后,国会终于批准了在2009年生效的新<矿产与煤炭法>.2009矿业法对既往法律和矿业制度进行了全新改造,对其主要制度进行对比,可得出该法对我国的借鉴意义.